# RTK GPS

实时差分可以将 GNSS/GPS 的精度提高到厘米级。 装备 RTK 后可以将 PX4 应用到需要精确定位的精确测绘中。

你需要:

  • 一对RTK GPS 设备(地面站和移动站)
  • 一台装有 QGroundControl 的 PC 或笔记本(Android/iOS 的 QGroundControl 地面站不支持 RTK)
  • 一架连接有 WiFi 或数传的飞机

NoteQGroundControl理论上可以在多台飞机启用 RTK GPS(每台设备上都安装一个移动站)。 在编写本文时, 此用发还未进行测试。

# 支持的 RTK 设备

PX4 supports the u-blox M8P, u-blox F9P and the Trimble MB-Two GPS and products that incorporate it.

The following RTK-compatible devices have been tested.

Note有一些 RTK 模块只能作为基站或移动站,有的则可以两用。

# 硬件安装

# RTK 移动站(飞机)

Connect the vehicle-based module to the flight controller's GPS port (in the same way as any other GPS module).

The actual cables/connectors required will depend on the flight controller and selected RTK module (see documentation for the selected device for more information).

# RTK 基站(地面端)

Connect the base module to QGroundControl via USB. The base module must not be moved while it is being used.

Tip选择一个不会移动的地方,上方开阔,最好避开建筑物。 使用三脚架或安装在屋顶,效果更好。

# 电台/WiFi

The vehicle and ground control laptop must be connected via wifi or a radio telemetry link.

The link must use the MAVLink2 protocol as it makes more efficient use of the channel. This should be set by default, but if not, follow the MAVLink2 configuration instructions below.

# RTK 连接步骤

The RTK GPS connection is essentially plug and play:

  1. 打开QGroundControl,使用 USB 连接基站的 RTK GPS 到地面站。 电脑会自动识别设备。

  2. 启动飞机,确保飞机连接上QGroundControl地面站。

    Tip当 RTK GPS 设备连接上,在上面工具栏的正常显示GPS的位置,会显示 RTK GPS 的状态。 当 RTK 正在被设置,会显示为红色,RTK GPS 激活后会变为白色。 点击图标,可以查看当前状态和 RTK 的精度。

  3. 然后 QGroundControl 开始设置 RTK (称为 "测量")。

    测量是一个获得基站准确位置的设置过程。 这个过程通常会需要几分钟(在达到RTK 设置中指定的最小时间和精度后结束)。

    你也可以点击 RTK状态按钮查看。

  4. 测量完成:

  • RTK GPS 图标变为白色,QGroundControl开始传送位置数据到飞机。

  • 飞机的 GPS 切换到 RTK 模式。 新的模式会显示在普通GPS 状态按钮的位置(3D RTK GPS 锁定):

    RTK GPS状态

# PX4 可用的设置

The following settings may need to be changed (using QGroundControl).

# RTK GPS 设置

The RTK GPS settings are specified in the QGroundControl General Settings (SettingsView > General Settings > RTK GPS).

RTK GPS Setup

These settings define the minimum duration and minimum accuracy for completing the RTK GPS setup process (known as "Survey-In).

Tip You can save and reuse a base position in order to save time: perform Survey-In once, select Use Specified Base Position and press Save Current Base Position to copy in the values for the last survey. The values will then persist across QGC reboots until they are changed.

# MAVLink2

The MAVLink2 protocol must be used because it makes more efficient use of lower-bandwidth channels. This should be enabled by default on recent builds.

To ensure MAVLink2 is used:

  • 将遥测模块固件更新到最新版本 (请参阅 QGroundControl> 设置 > 固件 )。

    • MAV_PROTO_VER 设置为 2 (请参阅 < 1>QGroundControl 设置 > 参数 </1 >)

# 调试

You may also need to tune some parameters as the default parameters are tuned assuming a GPS accuracy in the order of meters, not centimeters. For example, you can decrease EKF2_GPS_V_NOISE and EKF2_GPS_P_NOISE to 0.2.

# Use RTK GPS for Yaw

Some RTK GPS units (i.e. with multiple antennas) can output a yaw angle, which can be used instead of the heading from the magnetic compass. To enable this, set bit position 7 in EKF2_AID_MASK to 1 (add 128 to the parameter value).

# Dual Receivers

A second GPS receiver can be used as a backup (either RTK or non RTK). See the EKF2 GPS Configuration section.